Measured mile and disruption

Last reviewed 9 September 20261,119 words5 min read

🟩 In one line: Disruption is loss of productivity — more effort for the same output — whether or not completion is late. The measured mile compares an unimpacted period of work with an impacted one to quantify that loss.

Delay is about time. Disruption is about effort.

A project can finish on the contractual date and still have consumed forty percent more man-hours than it planned to. Nothing on the programme shows that. The completion date is met, every milestone is green, and the labour account is far over budget. That is disruption, and it is a separate claim with separate evidence.

This page covers the measurement technique. Entitlement to recover disruption costs is a contractual and legal question and is not addressed here.

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Why the distinction matters

Because they are proved with different records, and a delay analysis will not establish a disruption case however good it is.

Delay Disruption
The question When did it finish, and why late? How much more effort did it take?
Unit Days Man-hours, or output per man-hour
Evidence Programme updates, critical path Labour allocation and quantity records
Requires late completion Yes, generally No
Primary method Schedule analysis Productivity comparison

The consequence is practical. If disruption is a realistic prospect on your project — and on any congested, heavily varied or accelerated job it is — the records that support it must be collected as the work happens. There is no equivalent of reconstructing a programme afterwards.

The measured mile

The strongest method available, and the reason is simple: it compares the project against itself.

The comparison removes almost every argument about whether the planned rate was ever achievable, because it does not use the planned rate. It uses what this crew, on this project, actually achieved when conditions were normal.

Unimpacted productivity = Quantity installed ÷ Man-hours expended, in the clean period
Impacted productivity = Quantity installed ÷ Man-hours expended, in the affected period
Lost man-hours = Impacted quantity ÷ Unimpacted productivity, subtracted from impacted man-hours

A worked example. In a clean period, a crew installs 4,200 m² of blockwork using 3,000 man-hours — 1.40 m² per man-hour. In the affected period, they install 3,100 m² using 3,400 man-hours — 0.91 m² per man-hour.

Man-hours that should have been needed = 3,100 ÷ 1.40 = 2,214
Man-hours actually expended = 3,400
Lost man-hours = 1,186, a productivity loss of about 35 percent

Every number in that calculation comes from a record made at the time. That is the whole strength of the method.

Why it beats every alternative. It uses no estimate, no industry study and no assumption about what was reasonable. Both halves are actual. The only serious line of attack is whether the clean period was genuinely clean — which is why the next section matters more than the arithmetic.

What makes a period genuinely clean

Five conditions. All five have to hold, and the other side will test each one.

  1. Same work type. Blockwork against blockwork. Not blockwork against general finishing.
  2. Same or comparable crew. A different subcontractor, or the same one after a large turnover, is a different comparison.
  3. Same or comparable location and access. Ground floor against floor 34 is not a fair comparison — height, hoisting and congestion differ.
  4. No significant impacts in the period. No major variation, no acceleration, no severe congestion, no abnormal weather.
  5. Long enough to be representative. A single week captures noise. Several weeks, or a complete repeating cycle, captures performance.

Where no clean period exists at all — because the disruption started early and never stopped — the measured mile is unavailable and the method drops down the hierarchy. That drop is a real loss of evidential strength, and it is worth knowing early rather than discovering it in month thirty.

Watch. Choosing the best-performing period rather than the most normal one is the mistake that discredits otherwise sound analyses. If the selected period is the crew's single best fortnight of the project, the comparison is measuring a peak against an average and the loss is overstated. Choose a representative unimpacted period and be able to explain why it is representative.

The hierarchy, and where the alternatives sit
Rank Method What it uses Weakness
1 Measured mile This project, this crew, both periods actual Needs a clean period
2 Comparable work or project Similar scope elsewhere, with records Comparability is challengeable
3 Industry studies and factor tables Published research Conditions may not match yours
4 Earned value comparison Planned against earned hours Depends on the planned figure being reasonable
5 Total cost / modified total cost Overrun as the measure of loss Assumes the estimate was right and you were faultless

The bottom of that list is treated with considerable scepticism, and reasonably so: it asks the reader to accept that the tender was correct and that none of the overrun was the claimant's own doing. Modified total cost improves on it by deducting the claimant's own contribution, but the burden remains uncomfortable.

Everything above rank 3 requires project records at activity level. Which brings the page back to the same point as several others on this site.

The record set to collect from day one

Six records. None is difficult; all are worthless if started late.

  • Daily labour allocation by activity and area. Not just total headcount on site. Which trade, how many, where, doing what. This is the single record that decides whether disruption can ever be quantified.
  • Quantities installed by period and area, tied to the same breakdown as the labour.
  • The instruction, variation and RFI log, with dates and affected areas.
  • Site diaries covering access, congestion, weather and interference.
  • Programme updates, archived — establishing what was planned in each period.
  • Photographs, dated and located.

Activity granularity determines whether any of this is usable. Labour booked against a 90-day activity spanning six floors and three trades cannot be compared with anything. Booked against Blockwork L07 zone 2, it can. That is why activity size and duration limits is a commercial decision made at baseline, not a scheduling preference.

The one instruction. If you do nothing else, get labour allocation recorded daily against the same activity or area codes the programme uses. It costs a foreman ten minutes a day, and it is the difference between a quantified disruption claim and a narrative one.

Sources

Standards and references relied on for this page. Read them; this page is not a substitute.

  1. AACE International Recommended Practice 25R-03, Estimating Lost Labor Productivity in Construction Claims — The method hierarchy, the measured mile technique, and the conditions required for a valid comparison period.
  2. Society of Construction Law Delay and Disruption Protocol, 2nd edition (February 2017) — Guidance on disruption, its distinction from delay, and the preference for project-specific measured approaches.
  3. AACE International Recommended Practice 29R-03, Forensic Schedule Analysis — The relationship between delay analysis and disruption analysis, and why they answer different questions.
  4. GAO-16-89G, Schedule Assessment Guide: Best Practices for Project Schedules (US Government Accountability Office, 2015) — Activity-level record standards that determine whether productivity comparison is possible.

From the field

Experience from working planners. Unreviewed — read it as experience, not guidance.

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